|
KMID : 1024520130220010047
|
|
Journal of the Environmental Sciences
2013 Volume.22 No. 1 p.47 ~ p.57
|
|
|
Estimating Personal Exposures to Air Pollutants in University Students Using Exposure Scenario
|
|
Kim Sun-Shin
Hong Ga-Yeon
Kim Dong-Keon
Kim Sung-Sam
Yang Won-Ho
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
Studies evaluating the health effects of hazardous air pollutants assume that people’s exposure to typical pollutant level is the same as specific regional pollutant level. However, depending on social and demographic factors, time-activity pattern of people can vary widely. Since most people live in indoor environments over 88% of the day, evaluating exposure to hazardous air pollutants is hard to characterize. Objective of this study was to estimate the exposure levels of university students of NO2, VOCs(BTEX) and PM10 using the scenarios with time-activity pattern and indoor concentrations. Using data from time-use survey of National Statistical Office in 2009, we investigated time-activity pattern of university students and hourly major action. A total of 1,057 university students on weekday and 640 on weekend spent their times at indoor house 13.04 hr(54.32%), other indoors 7.70 hr(32.06%), and transportation 2.36 hr(9.83%). Indoor environments in which university students spent their times were mainly house and school. Air pollutants concentrations of other indoor environments except house and school such as bar, internet cafe and billiard hall were higher than outdoors, indicating that indoor to outdoor ratios were above 1. According to three types of exposure scenarios, exposure to air pollutants could be reduced by going home after school.
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
Exposure assessment, Time activity pattern, Exposure model, Risk, Monte-carlo simulation
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
|
|